The painting introduces the context of the 17th century naturalistic movement that began following the proposals formulated by Caravaggio in Rome and then disseminated through the stop in Naples, which was decisive for the turning point of a group of painters, including Giovanni Battista Caracciolo. The Salome is linked to the production of the aforementioned painter, which presents an iconographic reference to the Caravaggio-style outcome of the painting in the Royal Palace of Madrid and which is reflected in very similar solutions adopted in the various known versions of Caracciolo and his workshop.